2023 Competition on the History of Poland

German genocide of ethnic Poles in WWII

First Prize – Michael Swiatek

The German Reich’s Brutal Program of Invasion, Incarceration, and Extermination in the Planned Destruction of Poland

 Second Prize – Holstege Max

Poland in WWII: A Terrifying and Turbulent History.

Second Prize  – Kucherenko Nikita

The Erasure of Morality: A Detailed Account of the Victimized Polish during WWII.

Third Prize – Okpomo Kenneth

Revisiting Nazi Germany Crimes against ethnic Poles.

Third Prize – Palutis Jeffrey

Nazi Germany’s Attempts at Polish Genocide.

Third Prize – Rocchio Angelina

2023 Polonia Institute Scholarship Essay.

The post 2023 Winning Essays – Polonia Institute appeared first on Polonia Institute.

The German Reich’s Brutal Program of Invasion, Incarceration
and Extermination in the Planned Destruction of Poland

by Michael Joseph Swiatek

2023 Grand Prize

Michael J. Swiatek Essay

The post PI 2023 Competition on the History of Poland Winning Essay appeared first on Polonia Institute.

by  Zbigniew WOJCIK, Polonia Institute

The call to freeze German assets to pay WWII reparations to Poland.

The Meaning of German Leadership in Europe. Russia’s assets were frozen recently by Western countries because of the atrocities Russians committed during the war in Ukraine, 2022-2024. During WWII, Germans committed much more terrible atrocities on Polish citizens and in much greater numbers. Western societies should consider freezing German assets invested in their countries to pay delinquent German reparations because Germany officially refuses the responsibility. Poland demands $1.3T WWII reparations from Germany.

Instead of freezing Germany’s assets to enforce payments of WWII reparations to Poland, the UE blocked paying Poland funds due to COVID-19 pandemic damages, and EU cohesion funds to raise the standard of living in poorer regions. Poland‘s development was slowed by tremendous destruction by Germany during WWII.

German imperialism.

Nazi was a political National Socialist German Workers’ Party [20] created before WWII.  Nazi was de facto a political platform of German imperialism, as the assaultiveness of this country has been observed for over eight centuries, evidenced by “Drang Nach Osten” (19th-century German nationalist intent to expand Germany into Slavic territories of Central and Eastern Europe) and earlier “Northern Crusades” [2] (medieval 12th to 13th-century military expeditions). Germans created NAZI and made it prevalent in the nation, enriching antisemitism and anti-Polonism. Nazi’s principles, goals, and positions on domestic and foreign affairs were in line with German imperialism.

Germans show their caution against repeating history in a peculiar way.

Protests are organized in Germany against the intent to deport millions of immigrants. [7] “People traveled from across Germany to attend Saturday’s [Feb. 2024] protest, saying they felt it was important to be there in order to show their opposition to racism and caution against repeating history.” [7] If  Germans are indeed against repeating history, they should rather pay overdue reparations to Poland. Neo-Nazi politicians are considered far-right in Germany. The leftists support immigrants instead of discouraging the repetition of Germany’s history.  Slogans appeared during pro-democratic demonstrations in Germany such as “Never Again is Now,” “Against Hate” and “Defend Democracy.”[8]

Support of costly illegal immigration in Germany may be missing the target of “caution against repeating history’ and “Never Again” as German politicians reject paying Poland the reparations for WWII. Leftist German leadership created the above slogans to spread leftist propaganda and direct efforts of protesting Germans toward misleading causes. Millions of victims of German atrocities in Poland would definitely prefer financial payments to the Polish country as some form of compensation for all the unimaginable crimes committed by Germans during WWII instead of listening to fake leftist propaganda. Preparations for leftist demonstrations are very costly and time-consuming, and do nothing positive for the “Never Again”  movement, as far as repeating the imperialistic history of  Germany’s failures to win through their atrocities against humanity.

Germany supports leftist/post-communist politicians in the EU, e.g. Donald Tusk in Poland.

Germans installed oppressive Donald Tusk’s regime in Poland.

‘The Polish President Andrzej Duda [on January 2024] criticized the European Commission (EC) for blocking EU funds in what he said had been “an attempt to force Poland to change” its government’ [11]. President Duda did not want to accept EU law as superior to the Constitution of Poland.  The new pro-EU government in Poland, led by Donald Tusk since Dec 13, 2023, has pledged to regain access to the funds the EU did not want to release to the conservative government of Poland.

Fig.1. Hostile gesture of the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, towards the friend of Poland, the U.S. President, Donald Trump. Angela Merkel watches the situation (on the left in a green jacket). Picture of the author’s TV taken when playing a Polish TV Republika channel

Because of his false promises, Tusk gained a lot of supporters.  This is a perfect example of German imperialism, as the European Commission with German President, Ursula von der Layen, extended its power by gaining political and economic control [12] of Poland and loudly expressed her support for Tusk. Tusk expressed his hostility towards America by shooting his fingers into the back of President Donald Trump and clearly wanted the German top politician Angela Merkel to notice his act, see Fig.1.

The control of Poland by hostile Germany is historically brutal, especially during WWII. These competition essays remind the atrocities of German imperialism during WWII, which, unfortunately, started to resume nowadays, and German politicians still do not feel responsible for actively practicing their imperialism on Poland and Poles.

 An example is the brutality committed by the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, derided by the Law and Justice (PiS) party in Poland as a “servant of Berlin” [9] and by Tusk’s top hitman, Adam Bodnar, the Minister of Justice in Poland. The Polish Priest Michal Olszewski was accused of receiving money from the “Justice Fund” dedicated to helping victims of crimes and domestic abuse in Poland. The “funds were allocated following the procedures in Poland governing the use of the fund” to help the victims of crimes [4], so they were used according to rules. The Priest “was constantly urged to testify „something” [3] after arrest. He has been subjected to the “practices of denying water and toilet access’, which “have been classified as torture under the 1984 UN Convention against Torture [4]. The treatment of Priest Olszewski is “reminiscent of the communist era of repression in the 1950s’ in Poland under Soviet occupation”. The torture of the priest was ordered to be kept secret.[5]

Torturing Priest Olszewski by Tusk’s regime also reminds the torturing of Father Popieluszko by communist Jaruzelski’s regime under the Soviet occupation of Poland in 1984 [19].  There were “more than 3,000 priests martyred in Poland under the Nazi and Communist regimes which dominated the country from 1939-1989.” [3] Tusk’s regime continues torturing Polish priests as a way to suppress Polish patriotism.  For his commitment to “European [read: German] understanding”, Tusk was awarded a special German prize in September 2024. [3]  Adam Bodnar, the top Tusk minister, was sent to Germany to accept the prize on behalf of the Prime Minister.

Prime Minister Tusk selected tricky people for his regime government.

Adam Bodnar, today Prosecutor General of the  Ministry of Justice in the Tusk government of Poland, was the Ombudsman in Poland and a member of the Helsinki Human Rights Foundation in the past [18]. Polish Bishop Antoni Długosz asked Bodnar: “You publicly defended the murderer of a 10-year-old girl, deploring the handcuffs and night-time interrogation… Why did the handcuffs on a child murderer bother you but not the handcuffs on an arrested priest?” [6]  “The Częstochowa bishop also spoke about the torture to which the priest [Olszewski] was subjected while in custody and about the rejection of requests to visit his family or religious superior.”

Propaganda supporting “German leadership in the EU.”

Propaganda supporting the need for terrifying activities of the Tusk regime in Poland was carefully prepared, as Tusk was also the Prime Minister of Poland several years earlier. In 2022, it was clear that Donald Tusk would likely win the executive power in Poland in the next elections, and he was trusted in Germany to do the job. So, the necessity of using an oppressive regime like Tusk’s regime in Poland had to be supported earlier by German-directed propaganda so that Tusk would win the election.

For example, research papers in high-level research journals prepared Poles, Europeans, and the world to see Tusk as a rescuer no matter what atrocities he commits, e.g., paper [10]. It is very far-going propaganda, and perhaps naive researchers publishing scientific papers are not a match to ruthless and cynical politicians.  See the propaganda [10] excerpt: “On 25 July 2022, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) communicated a new round of 37 cases filed against Poland based on complaints that the right to a fair trial envisaged in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights had been violated because Polish courts no longer met the standards of independent tribunals established under the law…”

As presented above and specifically in [10], German leadership in Europe brings impressive propaganda to positively characterize planned atrocities to be committed by “servants of Berlin.”  Propaganda becomes visible before the atrocities appear to be seen as very positive and even patriotic to average citizens, and not ugly.

German imperialistic spirit

German imperialistic spirit is best represented by the genocide of Poles during the Warsaw Uprising of Aug. 1, 1945. Because of the overwhelming retreat on the eastern front, Germans could attempt to stop the Russians by immediately withdrawing from Warsaw and leaving arms and ammunition inside the city. The Polish Home Army would get the power to withstand the Soviets, which would enormously complicate the relationships inside the Allies block because of the Polish army fighting with the Allies in the West of  Europe. Polish Home Army fighting against the Soviets in Warsaw would stop the Red Army going toward Berlin. Many more German civilians would survive WWII because the Western Front would get more time to reach even Berlin, and maybe the German capital would not be destroyed so entirely by the Soviets.

Instead of focusing on their own survival, Germans preferred murdering hundreds of thousands more Poles in Warsaw and leaving mounds upon mounds of human corpses. If Germany does not pay Poland the reparations for WWII, they will continue their genocides as German people today do not know what their predecessors were doing in the past.

My uncles told me an unfortunate story about Germans pushed west by Russian forces at the end of WWII. Poles were forced to dig defensive tranches for the German troops occupying territory near Sochaczew. After the Soviets came in, these tranches were filled with naked human corpses. Most of them were likely Germans because nobody knew these dead people. The explanation is that these dead Germans did not manage to evacuate ahead of time, trusting German propaganda. The corpses were robbed of everything because of a complete shortage of everything in the territories occupied by Germany. If not for German imperialism, there would not be tranches full of German corpses in Poland. What is a better way to tell Germans they are repeating their history? Paying reparations for mistakes is better than being terrible victims again of the errors of imperialistic politicians.

The unification of Germany was likely a mistake.

During my interviews with U.S. intelligence in 1986/86 I recommended the unification of East and West Germany into one country. [17] Poles worked with foreign intelligence when Poland was not a sovereign country or independent at the time of WWI; see, e.g., the activities of Dmowski and Piłsudski when they fought for the independence of Poland. WWII reparations were on the table during the Cold War when I was talking to the CIA officers and Germany started to pay them to Israel. At that time, in the 1980s, the collapse of the Soviet Block would not have recreated the monster “Leader of Europe” if Germany had been occupied with paying WWII reparations, also to Poland.  We hoped that unified Germany would continue the well-played mission of West Germany to oppose considerable Russian power in the future.

Unfortunately, under today’s “German leadership” in the EU, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland is no longer superior to UE laws [1] as seen by Germany, and Poland is no longer treated as a sovereign country of Europe. The real problem is with Western politicians who made Germany militarily weak.  Together with other West-European countries [13], Germany does not protect Europe [15], and the top German politicians used to collaborate with Russia, e.g. chancellors of Germany Gerhard Schröder [14] and Angela Merkel [16]. Close cooperation between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 led to WWII. Therefore, our essays describing the atrocities committed by Germans during WWII are crucial to prevent history from repeating. What more can we do?

Conclusion

Given the tricky murderous activities of the Tusk regime taking place in Poland under the “German leadership,” a reminder in the form of historical essays about German crimes during WWII is essential. Germany’s unification after the collapse of the Soviet Bloc did not bring the expected mission of big Germany opposing much greater Russian power. Instead, close collaboration between Germany and Russia appeared, which in the past led to the burst of WWII, followed by the extermination of people on an industrial scale, see the essays.

Bringing a neighboring country, Poland, under German control, similar to the annexation of neighbors by Hitler before WWII, is a fact: the Tusk regime was installed in Poland.  The long-lasting torture of the Polish priest Olszewski by the Tusk regime is a fact. Tortures make an enormous impression: people will be afraid to oppose Germans. Sophisticated propaganda in support of the Tusk regime is a fact; see papers like [10]. German propaganda was also very impressive before WWII erupted. The predecessors of the Tusk regime in Poland possibly made mistakes, but torturing a priest is a too-far-going escalation.

Also, millions of Germans were killed during  WWI and WWI as a result of German imperialistic politics, and despite this experience, Germany turned imperialistic again. Our essays should be recommended in Germany for reading in all schools. “German leadership” in Europe is a wrong political platform.

It is still time to fight German imperialism by: i. letting people know about German NAZI as a platform, having a new platform as “German leadership in Europe” today, and first of all, ii. forcing Germany to pay WWII reparations to Poland, the country suffering the most because of German atrocities. Our 2023 essays describing German atrocities are timely and valid given the resumption of German imperialism through the support for the Tusk regime.  Stabilization of the center of Europe through the friendship and presence of the U.S. in Poland is necessary [17], and not by depriving Poland of sovereignty through the aggressive “German leadership” in the E.U. Reparations paid to Poland would build more substantial territory between two imperia: Russia and Germany and prevent WWIII, as the two countries fought WWI and WWII.

References:

[1] https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/08/world/poland-court-eu-treaties-ruling-intl/index.html

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten

[3] https://wpolityce.pl/facts-from-poland/697607-60-hours-of-hell-or-fr-olszewskis-letter-from-jail

[4] https://brusselssignal.eu/2024/07/allegations-of-priests-torture-in-custody-outrage-poland/

[5] https://www.radiomaryja.pl/informacje/ks-bp-a-dlugosz-w-obronie-ks-m-olszewskiego-panie-ministrze-bodnar-dlaczego-pan-milczy/

[6] https://niezalezna.pl/polska/kosciol/glos-kosciola-ws-ks-olszewskiego-biskup-pyta-bezposrednio-bodnara-dlaczego-teraz-pan-milczy/526489

[7] https://apnews.com/article/germany-afd-far-right-protests-bundestag-berlin-90d8497434a424ded198ce3d6d5fabb9

[8] https://apnews.com/article/germany-far-right-protests-extremism-afd-747b80d0865a22679aea02ac3aa7ef75

[9] https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/tusk-cancels-trip-to-germany-amid-deteriorating-relations/

[10] ANNA ADAMSKA – GALLANT, “Backsliding of the Rule of Law in Poland – a Systemic Problem With the Independence of Courts, International Journal For Court Administration”,  Dec 2022. https://iacajournal.org/articles/474/files/638de114b92e9.pdf

[11] https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/polish-president-criticizes-eus-executive-for-blocking-funds/article67762769.ece

[12]  https://www.britannica.com/topic/imperialism

[13] https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/alarm-grows-over-weakened-militaries-and-empty-arsenals-in-europe/ar-AA1liSDK

[14] https://www.dw.com/en/putin-and-schr%C3%B6der-a-special-german-russian-friendship/a-55219973

[15] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60155002

[16] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/08/world/europe/angela-merkel-russia-putin.html

[17] Zbigniew Wojcik, “Slaying the Soviet Beast. … WHAT NEXT”, Liberty Hills, 2019.

***
See also Introduction to the Winning Essays by the Jury Member Zbigniew Wójcik here:

https://poloniainstitute.net/competition-on-the-history-of-poland/2023-competition/the-meaning-of-german-leadership-in-europe/

The post The Meaning of German Leadership in Europe appeared first on Polonia Institute.

Congratulations to all laureates, and thank you to all this year’s competition participants.
Thank you for your excellent essays!  Come back next year!

  Full results of 2023 PI Competition: “The German genocide of ethnic Poles.”

GRAND PRIZE

$3,000

 The Grand Prize is sponsored by the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, as part of the program ‘Polonia and Poles Abroad 2023’ and implemented in cooperation with Fundacja Wolność i Demokracja on the project “Together in the Name of Poland – One Grand Polish Family.”

The Grand Prize goes to Michael Świątek, a student at the Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology, Wisconsin, for the essay “The German Brutal Program of Invasion, Incarceration, and Extermination in the Planned Destruction of Poland.”

SECOND PRIZE

Holstege Max, a student at Western Michigan University, for the essay “Poland in WWII: A Terrifying and Turbulent History.”

Kucherenko Nikita, a student at the American Musical and Dramatic Academy, College of the Performing Arts in Los Angeles, for the essay entitled “The Erasure of Morality: A Detailed Account of the Victimized Polish during WWII.”

THIRD PRIZE 

Okpomo Kenneth, a resident of Nigeria, for the essay “Revisiting Nazi Germany Crimes against ethnic Poles.”

Palutis Jeffrey, a resident of the State of Michigan, for the essay “Nazi Germany’s Attempts at Polish Genocide.”

Rocchio Angelina, a student at the University of Southern California, for the Polonia Institute Scholarship Essay.

HONORABLE MENTION

Miskowiec Veronika, Penn-State University Polish American student, for the essay “A Story of Unwavering Resilience: Poland in WWII.”

Shiver Max, a resident of Arizona who will pursue a doctoral study in chiropractic at the National University of Health and Sciences in Florida in 2024, for the essay “No such thing as appeasement.”

The post Michael Świątek wins PI 2023 Competition on the History of Poland appeared first on Polonia Institute.

for the Webinar on November 11, 2023, at 1 PM Pacific Time.

Learn who won the PI 2023 Competition on the History of Poland.

Learn more about the German extermination of ethnic Poles in WWII.

REGISTER FOR THE WEBINAR HERE:

https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_J1DeOiwrS_G2iLdzOSLYbw

See also:

Polonia Institute announces 2023 Historical Essay Competition

The post Nov. 11 Webinar: Winners of PI Competition 2023 presented! appeared first on Polonia Institute.

Polonia Institute Presents Webinar on Poland’s War Losses

September 9, 2023

Poland’s War Losses Webinar – September 9, 2023. Please join us for the webinar with distinguished experts, writers, poets and family members of the Polish victims who will address the suppressed truth about the unpunished German crimes against ethnic Poles in World War II.

The program moderated by Leszek Pawlik, VP of the Polonia Institute, will present Dr Paweł Pońsko, co-author of the official report on Polish war losses caused by Nazi Germany in WWII,  John Guzlowski, distinguished poet and author of “Echoes of Tattered Tongues: Memory Unfolded,”  Maria Szonert Binienda, attorney and author of the book “Danuta – Growing up between Katyn and Auschwitz,” and Stephen Gilbride who will present a story of his late mother Bożenna Urbanowicz-Gilbride based on the books “Children of Terror” and “Waiting for Mama.”

Please join us for this fascinating webinar on September 9, 2023 at 11 AM Pacific LA Time.

Space is limited. So, kindly sign up as soon as possible through the link below to reserve the space:

https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_nAiiWoCQSo-VySKf-6Pz2g

Niemiecka eksterminacja etnicznych Polaków
w czasie drugiej wojny światowej

Polonia Institute  zaprasza na Webinar nt. polskich strat wojennych

9 września 2023 godz. 20 czasu polskiego

Webinarium Polska Straty Wojenne – 9 września 2023 r. Zapraszamy na webinarium z wybitnymi ekspertami, pisarzami, poetami i członkami rodzin polskich ofiar, którzy zajmą się tłumioną prawdą o bezkarnych niemieckich zbrodniach na etnicznych Polakach podczas II wojny światowej.

Zapraszamy na ten fascynujący pogram 9 września  2023r. o godz. 11 AM czasu Pacific czyli o godz. 20 wieczorem w Polsce.

Ilość miejsc jest ograniczona wiec prosimy o rejestrowanie się jak najszybciej pod poniższym linkiem:

https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_nAiiWoCQSo-VySKf-6Pz2g

Projekt “Wielka Polska Rodzina – wspólnie w imieniu Polski” finansowany ze środków Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów w ramach konkursu Polonia i Polacy za Granicą 2023

Podczas spotkania organizatorzy zapewniają dostępność osobom ze szczególnymi potrzebami na ich wniosek.  Wniosek taki należy przesłać na e-mail Instytutu Polonia oraz określić w nim czego ta dostępność ma dotyczyć. 

The post Poland’s War Losses Webinar – September 9, 2023 appeared first on Polonia Institute.

3400 W.  Adams Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90018

For Immediate Release:  

2023 Historical Essay Competition of the Polonia Institute

First Prize – $3,000
Sponsored by the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland

May 20, 2023

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA:

Polonia Institute announces 2023 Historical Essay Competition on the German extermination of ethnic Poles during WWII.

I have placed my death-head formations in readiness – for the present only in the East – with orders to them to send to death, mercilessly and without compassion, men, woman, and children of Polish derivation and language.

Adolf Hitler

August 22, 1939

On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Within two months, the Germans destroyed 434 Polish villages and several hundred Polish towns, devastated Warsaw, and launched the Extraordinary Pacification Action called Action AB, in which at least 6,500 people were murdered.

For 55 days, from September 1 to October 26, Wehrmacht participated in 311 mass executions of Polish civilians and soldiers of the Polish Army. Thousands of other mass murders of ethnic Poles were carried out by units of the German Selbstschutz and Volksdeutsche militias as well as police units and SD Operational Groups. In total German invaders carried out at least 764 mass executions during this period, killing at least 24,000 Polish people.

After combat had ended, unlawful acts were taking place on a massive scale in violation of international law and norms and without military necessity. Taking and shooting hostages in towns occupied by the Wehrmacht and Einsatzkommandos, setting houses on fire, and expelling the local population were regular occurrences.

Mass Extermination of Ethnic Poles

During the entire occupation of Poland between 1939 and 1944, the Germans regularly carried out round-ups on the streets of Polish cities, in trains, or even at schools, and deported Polish civilians en masse to concentration camps or slave labor camps. Throughout occupied Poland, Germans built many concentration camps to exterminate the local Polish population. Frequently, the Polish people were arrested and murdered based on proscription lists prepared by the German minority in Poland. Starvation rates for food were introduced for ethnic Poles to exterminate the Polish population biologically.

About 100,000 people were murdered in a “political cleaning-up” operation code-named “Tannenberg.” It was the first such planned extermination operation carried out with great precision and determination during World War II. According to Alexander Rossino “the unlimited, almost nihilistic violence of the Wehrmacht” emerges first in these initial weeks of the Polish campaign… The invasion of Poland thus occupies a crucial place in the history of Nazi Germany’s descent into mass murder and genocide.”

While in Eastern Poland ethnic Poles were exterminated by NKVD or deported to Siberia, in Western Poland the civilian population of ethnic Poles was exterminated in Gestapo prisons, in street executions, or in death, concentration, or labor camps.

Throughout the Second World War, which lasted 2076 days, Germany murdered, on average, about 3,000 Polish citizens every day, which is more than the total number of all people killed in the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center – every day for 2076 days!

On the day of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising on August 1, 1944, Hitler ordered Himmler to raze Warsaw to the ground and murder all the inhabitants. According to SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, this was the order:

EVERY INHABITANT OF WARSAW MUST BE KILLED.
NO PRISONERS MUST BE TAKEN.

WARSAW IS TO BE RAZED TO THE GROUND.

After the fall of the Warsaw Uprising, the Reichsführer-SS Himmler ordered on October 9, 1944, the complete destruction of Warsaw. The order was as follows:

THIS CITY IS TO COMPLETELY DISAPPEAR FROM THE FACE OF THE EARTH… STONE UPON STONE SHOULD NOT REMAIN. ALL BUILDINGS MUST BE DEMOLISHED DOWN TO THEIR FOUNDATIONS.

During the war, Poland lost from German hand 39% of its doctors, 33% of its teachers, 30% of its academic faculty, including 700 professors, 28% of its priests, and 26% of lawyers. Germans kidnapped over 200,000 young Polish children and shipped them to Germany for Germanization. Material damage and non-material losses caused by Germany to Poland in WWII amounted to 6 trillion 220 billion 609 million Polish zlotys. To this day, Germany has not compensated Poland for these losses and has not educated its people about the crimes committed by Germans against ethnic Poles in WWII.

Essay:

In your essay, please analyze the following issues: 1) German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, 2) Action A-B, 3) Operation Tannenberg, 4) ethnic Poles in KL Stutthof, 5) ethnic Poles in KL Auschwitz, 6) Polish priests in KL Dachau, 7) Polish women in KL Ravensbrück, 8) Polish men in KL Mauthausen-Gusen, 9) Polish children in KZ Litzmannstadt in Lódź, 10) Operation Zamość, 11) 1944 Wola genocide, 12) lesson for today. Please reach out to the sources of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance here: https://ipn.gov.pl/en. Do not use references to Wikipedia.

Essay Requirements:

The essay shall reflect the contestant’s own research and original thinking.

The paper shall not exceed 15 typed pages (including bibliography), shall be typed in 12-point font, double-spaced with 1” margins; pages shall be numbered. The essay shall be submitted in the English language. All entries become the property of the Polonia Institute.

Eligibility:

The 2023 Essay Competition on the History of Poland is open to adults at least 18 years and older as of October 15, 2023. Proof of age is required. A copy of a valid document showing the date of birth is acceptable.

Deadline:    October 15, 2023. Results will be announced on or about November 11, 2023.

Awards:      First Prize is $3,000. Additional monetary awards may be offered.
Additional essays may be considered for recognition and publication.  Polonia Institute reserves the right to publish selected essays and/or excerpts of selected essays in future publications, newsletters, and other materials.

Procedure:   The Application Form can be found here.

Email your essay with the Application Form and proof of age to:

info@poloniainstitute.net

with  cc to:

mszonert@yahoo.com

For more information, send an email to: mszonert@yahoo.com

Polonia Institute, Inc.

2023 Historical Essay Scholarship Competition

  APPLICATION FORM

First Name              ____________________________________________________

Last Name:             ____________________________________________________

Address:                  ___________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________

Tel:                                 __________________________________________________

Email:                           __________________________________________________

Age:                              ___________________________________________________

School or University:  _______________________________________________

(if applicable)

Title of the Essay:       _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Number of Pages:        _________________________________________________

Email by 10/15/2023 to:       info@poloniainstitute.net with cc to mszonert@yahoo.com

The post Polonia Institute announces 2023 Historical Essay Competition appeared first on Polonia Institute.